Kentaro Toyama said he was "recovering tech enthusiasts", a "once addicted to using technology to solve problems" person.
Toyama has a doctorate in computer science, and after graduation joined Microsoft research in the field of machine vision, and led Microsoft in 2004 and moved to Bangalore in the newly established research center. He and his colleagues have carried out more than 10 items and hope that using computers and the Internet to improve education, reduce poverty.
But in India five years time has changed him.
The success of the pilot phase of the project was unable to copy in some schools, the computer has made things worse. In this spring issue of the geeks he possibly can: Save in his book social change, from the hands of technology worship, Toyama said technology through "packaged interventions", at the expense of more difficult reforms, undermines the efforts at social progress. Is the United States, Associate Professor, school of information, University of Michigan of an interview with Technologyreview Kentaro Toyama.
You go to India Shi, the local prevalence of techno-optimism. Bangalore is known to be the next big technology centre.
Yes, that's right. We believe the reason is probably the computer field was very successful. But is it possible that the computer successfully in the area of expanding it? Not only educated and middle-class benefits, and India and 80% benefit the poor. At that time, India rarely sees mobile phones, are basically computers with Internet access. I think we can use these devices in a certain way, to support the health care system, agriculture and education.
Your success is how much?
I estimate a half directly involved in or managing the project. Very few projects make us feel "it works too well, we have to promote it." This is because, there are restrictions when a lot of people and institutions to use computer technology.
For example, one of the most difficult thing to overcome is the manner of implementation of education, from the management of the public school system, the Government's way of dealing with schools. In India, we often find that the teacher was called away by the Government. Government believes that teachers are government employees, also allows teachers to other government jobs.
Another example is the health care system. You go to India rural clinics to look knows, where there are no diseases. Bring a laptop, connected to the wireless network, then you can remote diagnosis, this is incredible.
You were quoted in the book "digital agriculture" had a significant effect of this project. This project produced video about planting techniques, dealing with animal experience, also plays to the farmers. Why this project is so successful?
We are very careful, this technology does not replace the existing agricultural extension system. It's just expanding the existing system of influence: expanding those with large agricultural knowledge, influence people willing to impart this knowledge to farmers.
Play the video we will go to the village, village agricultural extension officers will convene villagers watched. On one hand, this is just a video show. But play will ask questions to stimulate discussion, this is a key component of the learning process. If you don't stimulate discussion, show the same as watching TV, no effect. Many farmers have a TV at home, they watch the Agriculture program, but do not remember the information in the program. When they talk or see themselves as farmers, they are more likely to trust the content in a video, and inside the method. M & M'S iPhone 5 Case
Your "one laptop per child" program what?
There have been numerous studies of "one laptop per child" project impact. In General, most studies indicate that laptop schools in academic achievement of students, grades, test scores, attendance, classroom activity is no different.
This may surprise those who know many successful anecdotes.
It is these anecdotes, you put the computer into the economic development environment. Give kids some electronic equipment can easily get a funny story. I have done this many times. The first thing you see is the kids very happy, they have a new electronic equipment. They love the new toys. Children holding notebooks, smile-by-open, you can also take a picture.
The reality is that kids have smartphones in developed countries can also laugh so happily, because they were playing angry birds. On one hand, I think a certain amount of educational toys and play are important, but I don't think the University education can be based solely on the play before.
In my opinion, parents want their children exposed to a certain amount of technology can understand, whether the children exploring and preparing for future technologies will meet. I think people's fundamental error is that all children should not let the computer become a major educational tool. I think this is a big step. I don't know why people are always so much pace. We always tend to think that education is content. We over emphasize the importance of content, while ignoring the motivation of adult supervision, children learn only by this thing.
Why do so many technocrats failed to see that technology is limited, the changes brought about by the limited? M & M'S iPhone 5 Case
In my opinion, this is the social confusion of correlation and cause. We have witnessed the success of Silicon Valley and the technology industry. In daily life, we can see make everything more convenient and better technology. Therefore, we believe that all of this directly benefited from technical, in fact thanks to many other things. If lack of other things from the beginning, the technology itself can not produce so many benefits.
The problem is, you can consider these things from a scientific perspective, and finally draw the wrong conclusions. In the lab, we have had many such experiences. We will experiment, compared to a controlled environment and physical environment. Join in a real environment technologies. If found some positive signals in the real world, our conclusion is that technology has helped. In fact, the people we work with, we choose partners is the most critical factor. Technical impact will depend on the human factors technology can play a role in helping depend on people.
Toyama reading view on how technology changes society and what do you think of it?
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